Tag: Bitcoin

  • VWAP Strategy Backtest: 5 Coins, 16 Parameter Sets, Full Out-of-Sample Test

    VWAP Strategy Backtest: 5 Coins, 16 Parameter Sets, Full Out-of-Sample Test

    Last time, the RSI 30/70 strategy died at gate 2 — fees ate it alive before we even got to the interesting questions. This strategy is different. It’s the first one to make it deep into the 7-Gate Protocol: five symbols, sixteen parameter sets, and a full out-of-sample split.

    It survived more gates than anything we’ve tested. It still didn’t survive all of them. Here’s the complete autopsy — including exactly where it works and where it dies.

    The Exact Rules

    • Timeframe: 4H candles
    • Trend filter: EMA(100) — longs only above it, shorts only below it
    • Entry: price pulls back and touches the daily VWAP, then closes back in the trend direction
    • Stop loss: fixed at entry ± 2.0 × ATR(14) — never trailed
    • Exit: close crossing back through the EMA(100) (trend over), or the stop
    • Fees: 0.06% per side, intrabar stop fills
    • Data: 2 years (July 2024 – July 2026), Binance public data

    One counterintuitive detail from our earlier testing: a trailing stop destroys this strategy (PF 0.76). Pullback entries get shaken out by noise. The fixed stop is not a preference — it’s the difference between profit and ruin.

    The Baseline: BTC, 4H

    VWAP trend pullback strategy backtest tear sheet BTCUSDT 4H with trade markers

    Look at that win rate: 22.7%. Three losses out of four trades — and it still made +25.5%, double Buy & Hold. This is the exact mirror image of the RSI lesson: average win +6.77%, average loss −1.45%. Win rate is a vanity metric. Payoff asymmetry is the business model.

    Gate 03 — Monthly Consistency

    VWAP strategy monthly returns heatmap by symbol

    Not pretty, not terrible. Long flat-to-red stretches punctuated by big green months — the classic trend-following profile. You don’t get paid monthly; you get paid when trends happen.

    Gate 04 — Out-of-Sample

    VWAP strategy in-sample vs out-of-sample returns by symbol

    We split the data: first 18 months in-sample, last 6 months untouched. 3 of 5 symbols stayed positive out-of-sample. BTC actually got better (PF 2.46 out-of-sample). SOL and XRP flipped negative. Partial pass — the edge doesn’t evaporate on unseen data, but it’s not universal either.

    Gate 05 — Parameter Robustness

    VWAP strategy parameter sweep heatmap EMA ATR robustness

    Sixteen combinations of EMA length (50–200) and ATR stop multiple (1.5–3.0): 13 of 16 positive. This is what a real edge looks like — it degrades gracefully when you wiggle the knobs. A curve-fit strategy shows one green cell in a sea of red.

    Gate 06 — Five Symbols, Same Rules

    VWAP strategy tested on five crypto symbols vs buy and hold
    Symbol Trades PF Total return Max DD Buy & Hold Verdict
    BTC 128 1.37 +25.5% 36.7% +12.1% beats holding
    ETH 128 1.51 +83.3% 41.8% −39.8% crushes holding
    SOL 133 1.15 +4.2% 51.1% −40.2% beats holding
    BNB 165 0.80 −50.8% 60.6% +16.8% fails
    XRP 148 1.68 +1.5% 75.9% +163.2% loses to holding

    This is why gate 06 exists. Test on BTC alone and you’d call it a winner. Test on BNB and you’d call it garbage. Both would be wrong: the edge is real on majors and absent elsewhere. Anyone selling you a strategy that “works on everything” hasn’t run this test.

    The Verdict: CONDITIONAL

    Adding up the gates:

    • Gate 01 sanity — pass (signals on closed bars, no lookahead)
    • Gate 02 friction — pass (profitable after 0.06%/side; where RSI died)
    • Gate 03 yearly/monthly — partial (trend-dependent, long flat stretches)
    • Gate 04 out-of-sample — partial (3/5 positive)
    • Gate 05 robustness — pass (13/16 cells)
    • Gate 06 multi-market — partial (majors yes, BNB fatal)
    • Gate 07 vs B&H — partial (3/5)

    Our verdict stamp says CONDITIONAL, and now the conditions are precise:

    Majors only (BTC/ETH). Reduced position size — the 37–42% drawdowns are real. As a portfolio component, not a standalone system. Traded outside those conditions, expect the BNB outcome.

    That nuance is the whole point of this site. A YouTube title would say “this VWAP strategy made 83% on ETH!” A different YouTube title would say “I tested VWAP and lost 50%!” Both are technically true. Neither is the truth.

    FAQ

    Why does it fail on BNB?
    BNB spent much of the window in choppy, range-bound conditions where trend filters generate false regime signals. The strategy needs trends; BNB didn’t provide them.

    Would a different VWAP (weekly, anchored) help?
    In our earlier tests, weekly VWAP performed worse as a touch level. Volume-profile POC levels also degraded results — daily VWAP carried all the edge.

    What about the low win rate — can I handle 3 losses out of 4?
    That’s the real question. Statistically it works; psychologically most people abandon it during the losing streaks. That’s a you-parameter, not a strategy parameter.

    Can I replicate this?
    Yes — the rules above are complete, data is public Binance OHLCV, fees 0.06%/side. Every number in this article falls out of those inputs.


    Disclaimer: This is educational research, not financial advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Never trade money you cannot afford to lose.

  • RSI Strategy Backtest: I Tested the Famous 30/70 Rule on Bitcoin (It Lost 65%)

    RSI Strategy Backtest: I Tested the Famous 30/70 Rule on Bitcoin (It Lost 65%)

    Every trading YouTube channel eventually makes the same video: “Buy when RSI drops below 30, sell when it crosses 70.” It sounds logical. It looks great on cherry-picked charts. Some videos claim win rates of 80–90%.

    So I did what almost nobody does: I coded the exact rules and ran them on 2 years of real Bitcoin data — with real trading fees included.

    Spoiler: every variant lost money. One lost 65%. Here is the full breakdown, so you don’t have to pay for this lesson with your own account.

    The Exact Rules I Tested

    No vague “price action confirmation.” Rules a computer can execute:

    • Indicator: RSI(14), Wilder’s smoothing, 1-hour candles
    • Long entry: RSI crosses up through 30
    • Long exit: RSI crosses up through 70
    • Short entry (long+short variant): RSI crosses down through 70
    • Short exit: RSI crosses down through 30
    • Data: BTCUSDT, 17,500+ hourly candles (July 2024 – July 2026)
    • Fees: 0.06% per side (typical crypto futures taker fee)
    • Position size: 100% of equity per trade, starting from $10,000

    The Results

    RSI strategy backtest full tear sheet with long short trade markers bitcoin
    Variant Trades Win rate Profit factor Total return Max drawdown
    RSI 30/70 long+short 125 54.4% 0.75 −64.9% 73.1%
    RSI 30/70 long-only 62 58.1% 0.86 −27.1% 46.6%
    RSI 20/80 long+short 26 69.2% 1.05 −38.3% 73.3%
    Buy & Hold BTC +12.7%
    RSI strategy total returns after fees bar chart

    Read that table again. The strictest variant had a 69% win rate and still lost 38%. Meanwhile, doing absolutely nothing — just holding BTC — made +12.7%.

    Why a 69% Win Rate Still Loses Money

    This is the single most important lesson in this article.

    RSI mean-reversion produces many small wins and a few catastrophic losses. When you buy an oversold dip in a real downtrend, RSI doesn’t politely bounce back. It stays oversold while price keeps falling — and the strategy has no stop loss. One bad trend wipes out twenty small wins.

    RSI strategy 73 percent drawdown chart

    That’s what a 73% drawdown looks like. If you started with $10,000, at the worst point you had $2,700. Nobody keeps trading a system through that.

    The math that YouTube never shows:

    • Win rate is meaningless without payoff ratio. 69% wins × small size, 31% losses × huge size = net loss.
    • Fees compound brutally. 125 round trips × 0.12% ≈ 15% of your account gone to fees alone.
    • Buying dips fights the trend. In crypto, trends run further than RSI assumes.

    “But It Worked in That YouTube Video…”

    1. Cherry-picked windows. Any strategy looks amazing during the right 3 months. I tested a full 2-year window.
    2. No fees or slippage. Add 0.06% per side and high-frequency signals collapse.
    3. Hindsight entries. In live trading you get every RSI<30 signal, including the twenty that came before the bottom.
    RSI strategy backtest equity curve vs buy and hold bitcoin

    Same Rules, Every Timeframe: 5m to 1D

    “Maybe it just needs a lower timeframe.” I hear that every time a strategy fails. So the engine re-ran the identical rules on five timeframes — over 240,000 candles in total. Nobody gets to say I didn’t look.

    RSI strategy tested on 5m 15m 1h 4h 1d timeframes total returns
    Timeframe Trades Win rate Profit factor Total return Max drawdown
    5m 1,436 65.7% 0.99 −86.0% 88.2%
    15m 466 63.9% 1.07 −36.8% 56.1%
    1h 125 54.4% 0.75 −64.9% 73.1%
    4h 38 65.8% 0.93 −36.0% 64.0%
    1d 5 80.0% 1.13 −14.7% 66.5%

    Two things this table screams:

    • 5m is death by fees. A 65.7% win rate across 1,436 trades — and it still lost 86%. At 0.12% per round trip, the fees alone consumed more than the entire account. This is gate 02 in its purest form.
    • 1D hit an 80% win rate and still lost money. Five trades, four winners — and the single loser erased them all. Win rate tells you nothing about the size of the loss that’s coming.
    RSI strategy monthly returns heatmap by timeframe

    The monthly heatmap exposes the regime problem. In 2025 — an up-trending year — the 1h/4h/1d variants printed +22% to +39%. Then 2024 and 2026 took it all back:

    Timeframe 2024 (H2) 2025 2026 (H1)
    5m −24.9% −71.5% −34.7%
    15m −26.8% −3.5% −10.4%
    1h −64.1% +22.5% −20.2%
    4h −47.0% +38.9% −13.1%
    1d −41.4% +23.6% +17.8%

    A strategy that only works in one market regime isn’t a strategy — it’s a bet on the regime. That’s a gate 03 failure (yearly consistency), stacked on top of the gate 02 failure.

    Does This Mean RSI Is Useless?

    No — it means RSI as a standalone entry signal is useless on crypto. Tools like RSI or VWAP only stop bleeding money when they’re subordinated to a trend filter with a hard stop loss — and even then they rarely beat a simple trend-following system. (Read the full VWAP backtest here — it made it much further through the gates.)

    The general rule: mean reversion without a stop loss is how accounts die slowly, then suddenly.

    How I Validate Any Strategy (The 7-Gate Checklist)

    1. Code sanity — no lookahead bias, no repainting
    2. Friction — realistic fees and slippage included
    3. Yearly breakdown — profits every year, or one lucky year?
    4. Out-of-sample — does it survive data it wasn’t tuned on?
    5. Robustness — small parameter changes shouldn’t destroy it
    6. Multi-market — one coin’s fluke, or a general edge?
    7. Beats Buy & Hold — otherwise, why bother?

    The RSI 30/70 strategy fails gate 2 and never recovers. Most YouTube strategies die at the same gate.

    FAQ

    What RSI settings did you use?
    RSI(14), Wilder’s smoothing, 1H candles — the default in TradingView.

    Would a stop loss fix it?
    It reduces catastrophic losses but doesn’t create an edge. The entry itself is the problem.

    What data and code did you use?
    Public Binance OHLCV data and a Python backtester. The rules above are complete — you can replicate every number.


    Disclaimer: This is educational research, not financial advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Never trade money you cannot afford to lose.